golang特点

goroutine：性能极高（占用内存小，并发数多） 运行时直接打包代码：不依赖任何环境即可执行

Hello World

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("hello world")
}

variable

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    var username, sex string
    username = "张鹏"
    sex = "男"
    fmt.Println(username)
    fmt.Println(sex)
    // 方法一
    var num int = 100
    fmt.Println(num)
    // 方法二
    var num2 int
    num2 = 200
    fmt.Println(num2)
    num3 := 300
    fmt.Println(num3)
}

variable multiple

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    var username, sex string
    username = "张鹏"
    sex = "男"
    fmt.Println(username)
    fmt.Println(sex)
    // 方法一
    var num int = 100
    fmt.Println(num)
    // 方法二
    var num2 int
    num2 = 200
    fmt.Println(num2)
    num3 := 300
    fmt.Println(num3)
}

constant

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    const const_num = 100
    fmt.Println("这是一个常量：", const_num)
    // 变量1
    var num1 int
    num1 = 100
    // 变量2
    num2 := 200
    fmt.Println("这是一个变量：", num1, num2)
}
[zhangpeng@27ops constant]$ go run const.go
这是常量： 100
这是变量： 200
[zhangpeng@27ops constant]$

init and main

package main

import "fmt"

var log string

// go语言执行的函数入口，所有函数运行都是从main函数开始的
func main() {
    fmt.Println("this is main function")
}

func init() {
    log = "log对象"
    fmt.Println("this is init function", log)

}
[zhangpeng@27ops init_main]$ go run init_main.go
this is init function
this is  main function
[zhangpeng@27ops init_main]

call from main function

package main

import "fmt"

var init_func string
var main_func string

func main() {
        main_func = "main function"
        fmt.Println("1th function,this is", main_func)
        sayhi()
}

func init() {
        init_func = "init function"
        fmt.Println("2th function,this is", init_func)
}

func sayhi() {
        fmt.Println("3th function,call from main function")
}

[zhangpeng@27ops init_main]$ go run init_main.go
2th function,this is init function
1th function,this is main function
3th function,call from main function
[zhangpeng@27ops init_main]$

call from init function

package main

import "fmt"

var init_func string
var main_func string

func main() {
        main_func = "main function"
        fmt.Println("1th function,this is", main_func)
        sayhi()
}

func init() {
        init_func = "init function"
        fmt.Println("2th function,this is", init_func)
        sayhi2()
}

func sayhi() {
        fmt.Println("3th function,call from main function")
}

func sayhi2() {
        fmt.Println("4th function,call from init function")
}
[zhangpeng@27ops init_main]$ go run init_main.go
2th function,this is init function
4th function,call from init function
1th function,this is main function
3th function,call from main function
[zhangpeng@27ops init_main]$

type of int

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
    "unsafe"
)

func main() {
    // 整型数值
    var (
        a1 int
        b1 int8
        c1 int16
        a2 int32
        b2 int64
    )
    a1 = 4
    b1 = 100
    a2 = 1000
    b2 = 1000
    fmt.Println(a1)
    fmt.Println(b1)
    fmt.Println(c1)
    fmt.Println(a2)
    fmt.Println(b2)
    // 查看数据类型方法一：reflect.TypeOf(a)
    fmt.Println(reflect.TypeOf(a1))
    // 查看数据类型方法二：使用printf %T类型 %v值
    // %s 打印字符串 %d打印数值
    fmt.Printf("a: %T %v \n", a1, a1)

    // 打印字节数
    fmt.Println("字节长度", unsafe.Sizeof(b2))
}
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\GoLand\___go_build_numbers_go.exe
4
100
0
1000
1000
int
a: int 4 
字节长度 8

Process finished with the exit code 0

type of bool

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unsafe"
)

func main() {
    br := true
    var b3 = false
    fmt.Println(br, b3)

    // 打印字节数
    fmt.Println(unsafe.Sizeof(br))
}

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\GoLand\___go_build_data_bool_go.exe
true false
1

Process finished with the exit code 0

string

// study string
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
        s1 := "单个字符串"
        s2 := `
第一个字符串
第二个字符串
第三个字符串
`
        fmt.Println(s1)
        fmt.Println(s2)
}

[zhangpeng@27ops string]$ go run string_demo.go
单个字符串

第一个字符串
第二个字符串
第三个字符串

[zhangpeng@27ops string]$

slice

[zhangpeng@27ops slice]$ cat string_slice_for.go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
        v := []string{"bj", "sh", "sz"}
        for i := 0; i < len(v); i++ {
                //fmt.Println(i)
                fmt.Println(i,v[i])
        }
}
[zhangpeng@27ops slice]$

[zhangpeng@27ops slice]$ go run string_slice_for.go
0 bj
1 sh
2 sz
[zhangpeng@27ops slice]$

map

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    /*
        map是一种无序的基于key-value的数据结构
        定义一个map字典
    */
    // [string]:表示key的数据类型
    // string：表示value值的数据类型
    userInfo := map[string]string{
        "张鹏": "18",
        "性别": "男",
    }
    fmt.Println(userInfo)
    /*
        判断一个key是否在map中
    */
    val, ok := userInfo["张鹏"]
    fmt.Println(val, ok)
    val, user := userInfo["zhangpeng"]
    fmt.Println(val, user)
}